A Three-Dimensional Model of Psychosis

Note:This paper is a substantially expanded and more advanced development based on the content of my previous works, Primary Psychosis Spectrum Disorder and Secondary Psychosis Spectrum Disorder. For a rigorous and precise understanding of the arguments presented here, readers are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves with those two papers in advance. Abstract:In response to the structural challenges of contemporary psychiatry, this paper proposes a three-dimensional model of psychosis, grounded in two spectrum theories derived from previously published preprints. Self → external directionality is newly conceptualized as an outer-releasing system, with hallucinations and delusions positioned as manifestations of its decrease. The concept of the dissolution spectrum is extended into a tension system, encompassing levels ranging from normal tension to rigidity, thereby demonstrating that psychosis arises from deviations along this axis. Self ← external directionality is reinterpreted as the sole axis along which resilience operates, leading to the establishment of an inner-control system, based on a redefinition of the introversion spectrum. Using these three axes, the domain of psychosis is delineated from a phenomenological standpoint and visualized as a progression from a two- to a three-dimensional structure. Finally, the uneven distribution of psychotic conditions within this three-dimensional framework prompts an analysis of each axis and clinical condition, leading to the identification of key trends and features arising from imbalances across dimensions. This three-dimensional structure provides a coherent framework for psychopathology, offers concrete guidance for research and clinical practice, and is expected to contribute meaningfully to the future advancement of psychiatry.