The Vortex Cosmos of Vacuum Superfluid: A Full-Scale Unified Theory of Microscopic and Macroscopic Physics, with Unified Mechanism and Quantitative Recovery of the Four Fundamental Forces

Based on the model of massless vacuum superfluid with elastic repulsion, this paper takes the Planck scale a=lp as the fundamental structural unit of the universe to provide a unified derivation of the microscopic origins of gravity, electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and the weak interaction. In this framework, mass is interpreted as the source of density perturbations in the vacuum superfluid, electric charge as the source of flux and vorticity, and the proton as a closed vortex ring structure. Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Coulomb’s law are naturally recovered from the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics, namely the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s principle. Furthermore, the line tension of the strong interaction is deduced from the proton’s interfacial pressure, while a unified vortex dynamical interpretation is provided for the weak interaction. We show that the gravitational constant G, the electromagnetic coupling coefficient 1/(4πϵ0), and the strong interaction line tension σ are uniquely determined by the fundamental scale a, the speed of light c, and the reduced Planck constant ℏ. It is also demonstrated that ℏ represents the intrinsic minimum angular momentum quantum of the vacuum superfluid, dynamically determined by a and c. A clear hierarchical causation is established: primitive quantities a,c→ℏ→G,1/(4πϵ0), with no circular definitions and no free parameters. This framework naturally unifies the four fundamental forces and offers a concise microscopic mechanism for a self-consistent quantum gravity theory. The derived results show high consistency with experimental observations and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predictions. This revised version supplements the rigorous mathematical derivation of the mass-energy equivalence equation, based on the vacuum superfluid vortex dynamic framework. All core physical conclusions of the original theory remain unchanged, only the incomplete formula derivation part in the old version is supplemented and corrected.