This article examines the concepts and models of discourse in the context of linguistics. In modern linguistics, the study of discourse, its various approaches and types, is widespread. Although discourse has been studied from semiotic, semantic, pragmatic, cognitive, and other perspectives in the works of both Western and Russian scholars, a number of questions pertaining to discourse remain unresolved in linguistic science. As a linguistic category, discourse is closely related to sociology, psychology, philosophy, and history, and is accordingly characterised as a category that penetrates many fields of scientific inquiry. The article analyses linguistic and extralinguistic factors as criteria for defining discourse as a linguistic term, reviews prominent theoretical perspectives advanced by scholars of the French, German, and Russian linguistic schools, and considers the place of discourse research in Azerbaijani linguistics. The main features and classification models of discourse are investigated, and conclusions regarding its communicative, cognitive, and social dimensions are drawn.
Aliyeva Elnaz (Thu,) studied this question.