ORIGIN PILOT: Quantum Computer Operating Systems, Architecture Analysis, and Proposed Enhancements.

Quantum Computer Operating Systems, Architecture Analysis and Proposed Enhancements Quantum Computing Systems are transitioning from laboratory curiosities into cloud-accessible platforms that serve thousands of concurrent users across heterogeneous hardware modalities. The software stack has not kept pace. No mature, general-purpose quantum operating system (QOS) exists that offers real-time scheduling guarantees, cross-vendor circuit portability, and integrated security in the manner that classical operating systems provide for conventional computing. This research examines the architectural foundations, design trade-offs, and practical limitations of the principal quantum software stacks deployed at scale today, including IBM Qiskit Runtime, Google Cirq, Microsoft Azure Quantum, and Origin Quantum’s Origin Pilot. Origin Pilot, developed by Origin Quantum Computing Technology (Hefei, China), reached Version 4.0 in February 2026 as an open-source release and has processed more than 339,000 quantum jobs for users in over 120 countries—the most geographically distributed quantum operating system deployment studied here. Beyond cataloguing these systems, three concrete architectural enhancements are proposed: (1) an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven workload prediction layer that reduces mean queue latency by formulating scheduling as a multi-armed bandit problem, (2) a cross-platform circuit portability layer (CPPL) built on a hardware-agnostic intermediate representation (IR), and (3) a federated quantum processing unit (QPU) resource pooling mechanism that coordinates geographically distributed quantum hardware through consensus-based admission control. A structured gap analysis across seven dimensions confirms that no existing system satisfies more than four simultaneously. The findings argue that quantum operating system design must treat heterogeneity and latency as first-class design concerns, not afterthoughts.