Zoonotic and emerging infections continue to pose a significant public health threat in India due to the country’s large human and livestock populations, rich biodiversity and complex human-animal-environment interfaces. This article gives a complete picture of the current status of important zoonotic diseases such as rabies, brucellosis, leptospirosis, Japanese encephalitis, avian influenza, Nipah virus infection and Kyasanur Forest Disease. It examines the key drivers responsible for their emergence and re-emergence, such as climate change, habitat encroachment, intensive livestock production and antimicrobial resistance. Special emphasis is given to the critical role of veterinarians in early detection through syndromic surveillance and clinical observation. Evidence-based prevention strategies are discussed across veterinary, community and inter-sectoral levels, along with practical field recommendations. The article also highlights existing challenges in implementation and offers actionable recommendations for young veterinarians and policymakers. Strengthening the One Health approach through effective collaboration between human health, animal health and environmental sectors is essential to reduce the burden of zoonotic diseases in India.
Amit Prasad Deeksha Singh (Thu,) studied this question.