What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cohort. Population: Myocardial infarction (n=204). Intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Primary outcome: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 6 months (p=<0.001).

What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to identify predictors affecting adherence to diet and physical activity and their impact on quality of life in patients after myocardial infarction.

May 10, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Predictors of Adherence to Diet, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Follow-Up of Patients after Myocardial Infarction

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Percutaneous coronary intervention, living in small cities, and a history of hypertension and diabetes were significant positive predictors of health-related quality of life at one and six months post-myocardial infarction.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to identify predictors affecting adherence to diet and physical activity and their impact on quality of life in patients after myocardial infarction.

MSMohammad Hossein Sharifi MKMasoud Karimi VKVahid Keshtkar

Key Result

Percutaneous coronary intervention, living in small cities, and a history of hypertension and diabetes were significant positive predictors of health-related quality of life at one and six months post-myocardial infarction.

Key Points

This study aims to identify predictors affecting adherence to diet and physical activity and their impact on quality of life in patients after myocardial infarction.
Conducted a prospective hospital-based study with 204 patients post-myocardial infarction.
Assessed adherence to Mediterranean diet, physical activity, and quality of life using specific questionnaires one and six months after intervention.
Examined the influence of factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and geographical factors on quality of life.
Quality of life significantly increased in smokers (p=0.001), non-hypertensives (p=0.001), and those who underwent PCI (p=0.001) after six months.
Normal body mass index positively affected quality of life at one month (p=0.038) but not at six months.
Living in small cities, PCI, and a history of hypertension and diabetes were identified as positive predictors of quality of life.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=204)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Population

204 adults (age 40-70 years) with confirmed acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), mean age 54.4 years, 47.1% male, based in Iran. Key exclusions: history of heart failure, arrhythmia, previous MI-related treatment, specific cardiac rehabilitation program, chronic renal failure, COPD, pulmonary embolism, warfarin administration, and documented psychological diseases.

Outcome

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessed using the MacNew questionnaire at 1 and 6 months post-MIpatient reported

In post-MI patients, quality of life and lifestyle adherence are significantly influenced by demographic and clinical factors such as residence size, revascularization type, and comorbidities, highlighting the need for tailored secondary prevention strategies.

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 5.35% vs 4.66%

p-value: p=<0.001

Limitations

Use of self-reporting instead of objective measures to characterize adherence to recommended diets and physical activity
Study participants were MI patients who had undergone PCI or CABG procedures and did not include MI patients who did not require these procedures
Low number of MI patients in the center
Convenience sampling

Abstract

Background: Proper diet, physical activity, and quality of life in post- myocardial infarction (MI) patients can influence the prognosis and patient’s mortality. This study determined the predictors of adherence to diet, physical activity, and quality of life in post-myocardial infarction patients.Methods: In a prospective hospital-based study, patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after MI and completed adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD), international physical activity, and MacNew QoL questionnaires one and six months after MI were assessed.Results: Totally 204 patients (mean age=54.4±5.9 years) completed the questionnaires. About 55.4% had undergone CABG. First and six months after MI, QoL was significantly higher in patients who were smokers (p=0.001), not to be hypertensive (p=0.001), and underwent PCI (p=0.001). Participants who had normal body mass index (BMI) had higher QoL just in the first month (p=0.038). Adherence to MD and physical activity did not change six months after the intervention when compared with the first month. Living in small cities, PCI, and history of hypertension and diabetes were positive predictors of QoL.Conclusion: Living in small cities, PCI, and history of hypertension and diabetes were positive significant predictors of QoL, but adherence to MD was significantly higher in participants who lived in large cities.

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