Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize inclusive, equitable, and environmentally sustainable growth, requiring effective localization for meaningful outcomes. Local governments, particularly in developing countries, play a crucial role in translating global goals into actionable strategies at the grassroots level. In India, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), empowered by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, serve as key agents in implementing SDGs through decentralized planning, resource allocation, and community participation. This research article examines the role of local governments in achieving SDGs in India, with a special focus on Karnataka. Using a narrative review methodology based on PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the study synthesizes findings from 28 empirical studies, government reports, and policy documents published between 2015 and 2026. Evidence suggests that local governance interventions have improved service delivery outcomes by 30–50 percent in sectors such as water management, sanitation, renewable energy, and rural livelihoods. Initiatives such as Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs), e-Gram Swaraj, and Finance Commission grants have strengthened participatory planning and accountability. However, challenges such as limited fiscal autonomy, capacity deficits among elected representatives, and coordination gaps persist. The study concludes that strengthening local governance through capacity building, financial empowerment, and technological integration is essential for achieving SDGs. Karnataka's innovative practices demonstrate the potential of decentralized governance in driving sustainable development.
Krishna C.V. (Thu,) studied this question.