E-governance, defined as the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in governance, has significantly transformed public service delivery in India. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion and diverse administrative challenges, traditional governance systems were often marked by inefficiencies, corruption, and delays. The introduction of large-scale digital initiatives such as Digital India and Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance (UMANG), along with state-level innovations like e-Seva and Bhoomi, has restructured administrative processes. This research article synthesizes evidence from national programmes and state-level case studies using a narrative review approach guided by PRISMA-ScR methodology. Findings indicate that e-governance initiatives have reduced service delivery time by 40–70 percent, improved citizen satisfaction by approximately 40 percent, and minimized corruption through digital tracking mechanisms and Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT). Financial leakages have been reduced significantly, with savings estimated at ₹2.5 lakh crore during 2021–2025. However, challenges such as digital divide, infrastructural gaps, and low digital literacy continue to hinder universal adoption, particularly in rural areas where nearly 40 percent of regions lack reliable connectivity and about 30 percent of citizens lack digital skills. The study concludes that while e-governance has enhanced efficiency, transparency, and accessibility, targeted policy interventions focusing on infrastructure expansion, digital literacy, and inclusive access are essential for achieving equitable governance outcomes.
C.V. et al. (Thu,) studied this question.