What question did this study set out to answer?

This framework aims to clarify the physical origin of cosmic acceleration and deceleration.

May 12, 2026Open Access

A Thermodynamic Framework for Cosmic Expansion Based on Entropic Competition

Key Points

This framework aims to clarify the physical origin of cosmic acceleration and deceleration.
Development of a thermodynamic model based on entropic competition.
Analysis of dispersion and clustering as entropy-producing processes.
Interpretation of inflation, time, and boundary conditions without altering existing equations.
Provides a new understanding of cosmic acceleration and deceleration.
Offers a thermodynamic basis for interpreting cosmic phenomena.
Addresses existing tensions in the ΛCDM model regarding cosmic expansion.

Abstract

The ΛCDM model has fit observations well; however, tensions are building. A major cause of this is thatthe acceleration of the universe lacks a clear physical origin. This concept note suggests a framework of entropiccompetition to provide that physical explanation for the acceleration and deceleration of the universe.In this framework, dispersion and clustering are competing entropy-producing channels. From this view, theframework also gives thermodynamic interpretations for inflation, time, and boundary conditions, all without modifyingthe Einstein-Friedmann equations.

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