Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy and a major cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Because early disease is often asymptomatic, many patients are diagnosed after relevant structural damage has already developed. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the primary therapeutic objective and the most established approach to reduce the risk of progression. This review summarizes current advances in glaucoma care, including modern pharmacological strategies, sustained-release therapy, neuroprotection research, microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), and diagnostic innovations. Methodology: A narrative review of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed to summarize recent evidence on modern glaucoma therapy and monitoring. Results: Recent progress in medical therapy includes agents targeting the conventional outflow pathway, updated prostaglandin-based approaches, and fixed-dose combinations that reduce regimen complexity. Long-acting drug delivery systems may decrease the reliance on daily eye drops, although safety and durability remain important considerations. Neuroprotection continues to attract strong research interest, but clinical evidence is still insufficient to support a widely accepted strategy beyond IOP lowering. MIGS provides intermediate surgical options that may reduce IOP and medication burden in selected patients, yet outcomes vary across techniques and study designs. OCT and OCT angiography support objective monitoring of structural and vascular changes and may improve detection of progression over time. Conclusion: Glaucoma care is becoming increasingly individualized through expanding therapeutic and monitoring strategies. Future research should focus on long-term standardized outcomes, improved progression biomarkers, and validation of disease-modifying approaches, including gene- and regenerative therapies.
Stolarczyk et al. (Mon,) studied this question.