Indoor visible light communication (VLC) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) faces critical performance challenges due to LED nonlinearity, limited modulation bandwidth, and multipath-induced inter-symbol interference. This study evaluates carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation across single-input single-output (SISO), spatial multiplexing (SMP), and spatial modulation (SM) configurations, employing linear least mean square (LMS) and nonlinear Legendre functional link artificial neural network (Le-FLANN) and Volterra equalization techniques. Under realistic LED operating conditions and spatial misalignment, Le-FLANN achieves significant signal-to-noise-ratio per bit ( E b / N 0 ) improvements at bit error rate (BER) = 10 −4 : 0.9 dB in SISO, 2.9 dB in SMP, and 1.5 dB in SM, compared to LMS. SMP delivers an aggregate throughput of 24 Mbps by transmitting two independent 12 Mbps CAP streams in parallel over a 4.5 MHz LED bandwidth. These findings demonstrate the practical value of structured nonlinear equalization in bandwidth-constrained VLC links, offering enhanced resilience to LED-induced distortion and spatial channel impairments.
Building similarity graph...
Analyzing shared references across papers
Loading...
Saeed Ashouri
University of Guilan
Gholamreza Baghersalimi
University of Guilan
Hossein Goorani
University of Guilan
Results in Optics
University of Guilan
Building similarity graph...
Analyzing shared references across papers
Loading...
Ashouri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0414cc79e20c90b4444b67 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2026.101033