What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to provide a mechanistic explanation for jet deflection in the Cygnus X-1 system based on the Electron Flow Model.

May 13, 2026Open Access

Marabūt's Theory of Gravity: Mechanistic Resolution of Jet Deflection in Cygnus X-1

Key Points

This research aims to provide a mechanistic explanation for jet deflection in the Cygnus X-1 system based on the Electron Flow Model.
Utilized Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) to quantify polar jet power and stellar wind deflection.
Proposed a redefinition of the black hole as a volumetric hydrodynamic sink to explain the energy exhaust ratio.
Engaged in an observational case study to illustrate the predictive nature of black hole jets using thermodynamic principles.
Demonstrated that the 10% energy exhaust ratio naturally aligns with thermodynamic limits.
Revealed a 5.2-degree deflection corresponding to interactions with stellar wind.
Provided evidence that black hole jets behave predictably as a thermodynamic engine consuming vacuum flux.

Abstract

Recent Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations (Prabu et al., 2026) have successfully quantified the polar jet power and stellar wind deflection in the Cygnus X-1 black hole binary system. Traditional kinematic models, which attribute these jets to generalized magnetic expulsion from an accretion disk, struggle to mechanistically explain the precise 10% energy exhaust ratio and the fluid-like physical deflection of the jet. We propose that these phenomena strongly align with the macroscopic indicators of the Electron Flow Model (EFM). By redefining the black hole as a volumetric hydrodynamic sink actively consuming vacuum flux, the 10% ratio emerges natively as the thermodynamic exhaust limit of the core. Furthermore, the EFM demonstrates that the relativistic equatorial shear of the sink forces this exhaust strictly along the polar vectors, where the 5.2-degree deflection is consistent with a highly pressurized fluid stream colliding with the stellar wind. This paper serves as an observational case study, illustrating that black hole jets are the natural, predictable behavior of a thermodynamic engine actively consuming and venting the universal vacuum flux.The Unified Fluid Cosmos Framework: For over three centuries, dating back to Sir Isaac Newton, astrophysics has treated gravity as a static, geometric given. While Albert Einstein's General Relativity excels at calculating orbital mechanics, effectively teaching us how to drive the car, it relies on an epistemological circularity, retroactively assigning invisible mass to force its equations to fit observations. It offers no physical insight into how the engine actually works. This paper serves as Manuscript 3 Version 3 in the comprehensive series, Marabūt's Theory of Gravity. It presents the Electron Flow Model (EFM), a generative, fluid-dynamic framework designed to fundamentally replace General Relativity. The EFM shatters classical circularity with a single, undeniable foundational premise: Gravity is Pressure, not curvature, and not an intrinsic mass property. Published Manuscripts in this Series: Manuscript 01: The Push-Pull Mechanics of Vacuum Flux (The Foundational Framework) — https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20126552 Manuscript 02: Resolving the Weyl Potential Anomaly — https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20127273 Manuscript 03: Mechanistic Resolution of Jet Deflection in Cygnus X-1 (Current Paper) — https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20128198 Data & Code Availability: To accompany this manuscript, we have open-sourced the complete Python mathematical engine and a fully interactive 3D web-based simulation of the EFM Volumetric Profiler. Researchers, developers, and students can visually explore the hydrodynamic vacuum flux across celestial bodies at: Interactive 3D EFM Volumetric Profiler: https://marabutmarabut.github.io/Theory-of-Gravity Official GitHub Repository: https://github.com/MarabutMarabut/Theory-of-Gravity

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