The relationship of the prognostic nutrition index with short-term prognosis in adult patients with acute myocardial infarction: A population-based study.

This study aims to examine the association between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and the short-term prognosis of adult patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A retrospective analysis was conducted using medical records from the MIMIC-IV database. The impact of PNI on survival outcomes was assessed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. The predictive capacity of PNI was evaluated by calculating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis assessed survival rates across different PNI levels. Cox regression models were also utilized to investigate the relationship between PNI and 30-day mortality. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the effects of comorbidities and PNI on patient outcomes. 2347 adult patients experiencing AMI, 345 fatalities were recorded, yielding a mortality rate of 14.70%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the RCS analysis indicated a negative correlation between PNI < 43.15 and short-term mortality in these patients (P for nonlinearity < .001). The area under the ROC curve for 30-day all-cause mortality was 0.747. Concurrently, KM survival analysis demonstrated that patients with PNI < 43.15 had a poorer prognosis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified PNI as an independent predictor of short-term prognosis in this patient population (HR = 0.484, 95% CI: 0.360-0.649, P < .001). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions between PNI and other comorbidities regarding 30-day mortality risk (P for interaction < .05). PNI is associated with short-term mortality outcomes in patients with AMI and may serve as a valuable prognostic indicator for assessing mortality risk. retrospectively registered.