The present work aims to discuss the design and characterization of oral mucoadhesive microspheres. Oral mucoadhesive microspheres represent a sophisticated drug delivery system engineered to enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic agents through prolonged residence time at the absorption site. This review aims to systematically analyze the design principles, material selection, and characterization techniques critical for developing effective oral mucoadhesive microspheres. Specifically, it will delve into the nuanced interplay between polymer properties, fabrication methodologies, and their subsequent impact on mucoadhesion mechanisms and drug release kinetics. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects is crucial for the rational design and successful development of next-generation oral mucoadhesive microspheres. This comprehensive review will therefore serve as a critical resource for researchers and pharmaceutical scientists engaged in the development of innovative oral drug delivery platforms. It will synthesize current knowledge on the factors governing mucoadhesion, including surface charge, polymer chain entanglement, and hydration dynamics, alongside their quantitative assessment methods. It will also critically evaluate the various in vitro and in vivo models employed for assessing mucoadhesion strength and drug release profiles, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations.
Indra Kumar Dubey*1, Swatantra Kumar Singh Kushwaha2, Diptee Gupta2 (Sun,) studied this question.