Dynamical Analysis of A Predator‐Prey Model Incorporating Allee Effect and Mutual Interference Between Predators

ABSTRACT In this paper, we put forward and study a modified Leslie‐Gower predator‐prey model with Crowley‐Martin functional response and Allee effect in the growth rate of a predator population. Crowley–Martin‐type functional response is considered to describe mutual interference between predators. Our analysis shows that the intensity of Allee effect affect the stability of all equilibria, and by plotting the two‐parameter bifurcation diagram of the degree of mutual interference between predators and the intensity of Allee effect, it is found that under their influence, the system will appear Bi‐stable phenomenon. In addition, by considering the intensity of Allee effect as a bifurcation parameter, the one‐parameter bifurcation diagram of the predator appears saddle‐node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation. Finally, Turing instability occurs in the reaction‐diffusion system. The study reveals that as the intensity of the Allee effect increases, predators face greater survival pressure, their population growth becomes limited, predation patterns changes, the distribution of the prey population changes, and low‐density areas of the prey decrease. As mutual interference between predators increases, the distribution patterns of both predators and prey shift significantly. High interference reduces high‐density prey clusters, while predator distribution, though fluctuating, becomes smoother overall. This study highlights the complex interaction between Allee effect and predator‐predator interaction in predator‐prey dynamics. The results may provide biological insights and ecological management suggestions for predator‐prey interaction.