Abstract Quantifying magma output over variable timescales is essential for understanding persistently active volcanoes. We analyze magma output at Stromboli (during 2000–2025) using satellite thermal data integrated with a comprehensive database of volcanic activity. Results indicate a mean magma output rate of ∼0.045 m 3 s −1 , documenting a phase of elevated productivity compared to the century average (∼0.028 m 3 s −1 ). Erupted volume in this period (∼37.5 Mm 3 ) is partitioned among three eruptive styles: flank eruptions (∼84%), lava overflows (∼10%), and persistent Strombolian activity (∼6%). Each style is characterized by distinct discharge rates and source depths within a vertically organized plumbing system. Persistent Strombolian activity produces continuous low magma flux (∼0.003 m 3 s −1 ) reflecting open‐vent conditions sustained by magma convection within the conduit. Overflows occur episodically with discharge rates of ∼0.3–3 m 3 s −1 , and are fed by a very shallow reservoir (∼0.3–0.5 km depth). Flank eruptions dominate the erupted volume through high‐flux events (∼5–20 m 3 s −1 ) involving partial drainage of an intermediate reservoir (∼3–4 km depth). The 2000–2025 record is consistent with increasing shallow discharge via Strombolian activity and overflows, accompanied by reduced volumes in flank eruptions, which we interpret as due to a progressive reorganization toward a more open plumbing system. Comparison with long‐term eruptive records suggests that this behavior is superimposed on centennial‐scale fluctuations in magma output rate. Based on modeling results, this is interpreted as due to alternating phases of pressure build‐up and release in the magmatic plumbing system, driven by temporal changes in magma supply rate.
Coppola et al. (Fri,) studied this question.