Abstract India's transition to clean and green energy is crucial for addressing environmental concerns, ensuring energy security, and promoting sustainable development. The current energy landscape of India is highlighting the country's heavy reliance on fossil fuels and its associated challenges, including high carbon emissions, air pollution, and energy import dependence. The paper explores the potential of renewable energy sources in India, discussing their environmental, health, economic, and social benefits. It outlines key government initiatives and policies promoting clean energy adoption, such as the National Solar Mission and the National Green Hydrogen Mission. Despite significant progress, with non-fossil fuel sources accounting for 46.3% of total installed capacity as of October 2024, India faces challenges in its clean energy transition, including financial constraints, technological barriers, and infrastructure bottlenecks. The paper presents opportunities for accelerating clean energy adoption through public-private partnerships, international collaboration and innovation in energy storage. Case studies from Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra demonstrate a successful implementation of renewable energy projects. The conclusion emphasizes the need for enhanced policy implementation, strategic investments, and community participation to achieve India's target of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
Sonelal Kumar (Wed,) studied this question.
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