Hypertension is a major chronic cardiovascular disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, requiring long-term pharmacological management. Conventional antihypertensive therapy often demands frequent dosing, which may reduce patient compliance and lead to fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. Sustained release drug delivery systems (SRDDS) have emerged as an effective approach to overcome these limitations by providing controlled and prolonged drug release. These systems maintain therapeutic drug levels for extended periods, thereby improving treatment efficacy and minimizing dose-related adverse effects. The present review discusses the principles, advantages, and limitations of sustained release formulations in antihypertensive therapy. Various types of SRDDS, including matrix systems, reservoir systems, osmotic systems, and floating drug delivery systems, are comprehensively described. The review also highlights the importance of natural, synthetic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic polymers used in sustained release formulations. In addition, evaluation parameters such as pre-compression studies, post-compression studies, dissolution testing, and drug release kinetic models are summarized. Recent advancements involving nanotechnology, smart polymers, and 3D printing have shown promising potential for the development of advanced sustained release systems with improved targeting and therapeutic outcomes. Overall, sustained release drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement in antihypertensive therapy by enhancing patient compliance, reducing side effects, and improving long-term blood pressure management.
Supriya Tiwari1*, Dr. Pramod Kumar Biswal2, Virendra Baheliya3 (Sat,) studied this question.