How the Finnish governance networks enhance digital resilience under hybrid threats and economic uncertainty?

Purpose This study examines how Finnish governance networks enhance resilience in the face of digital transformation and hybrid threats. Specifically, it explores how multi-level governance, institutional coordination, and public–private collaboration shape digital resilience, hybrid threat management, and economic security by fostering adaptive and proactive resilience strategies. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a qualitative research design based on 36 thematic interviews with public-sector actors, nongovernmental organisations, and small and medium-sized enterprises involved in trade and economic governance. Using a governance resilience framework, it examines how networked governance structures adapt to digital and geopolitical disruptions. Findings Governance resilience rests on institutional coordination, regulatory adaptability, and strategic foresight. Additionally, effective digital transformation depends on the alignment of governance structures across multiple levels, from global to regional. Hybrid threats and economic dependencies require proactive risk management, including scenario planning, resilience audits, and foresight practices. Public–private collaboration emerges as a critical mechanism when institutionalised — through structured dialogue, shared data practices, and joint investment — rather than short-term or ad hoc initiatives. Originality/value This study refines governance resilience research by demonstrating how digital sovereignty, hybrid threat mitigation, and regulatory coordination interact within a multi-level economic governance framework. It highlights the significance of institutionalised collaboration and anticipatory policymaking in ensuring long-term resilience. The findings provide policymakers and governance actors with actionable insights to strengthen digital resilience in an era of geopolitical and technological volatility.