This work introduces the Structural Coherence Index (SCI), a new metric designed to distinguish coherent critical organization from stochastic fragmentation in complex systems. Using graph representations of the two-dimensional Ising model near criticality, we demonstrate that modularity alone may generate false-positive structural signals in randomized fragmented networks. SCI combines modularity, graph density, and largest connected component persistence to recover physically coherent structural regimes.
JOHN wayni Santos OLIVEIRA (Tue,) studied this question.