Crompton's Theory of Dark Energy

Crompton’s Theory of Dark Energy: A Black-Hole Summation Model for Cosmic Acceleration proposes a phenomenological cosmological framework in which cosmic acceleration emerges from the cumulative contribution of black holes rather than from a fundamental cosmological constant. In this model, black-hole horizons contribute an effective negative-pressure term associated with entropy, vacuum structure, or spacetime thermodynamics. The cumulative contribution evolves over cosmic time and produces an emergent dark-energy-like component capable of driving accelerated universal expansion. The framework derives the phenomenological relation: wBH=−13dln⁡EBHdln⁡aw₁₇=-13d E₁₇d awBH=−31dlnadlnEBH where the dark-energy equation-of-state parameter depends on the growth behavior of the summed black-hole contribution. The model naturally predicts that: cosmic acceleration emerges after substantial black-hole formation, supermassive black holes may dominate the effect under entropy scaling, and dark energy may evolve over cosmic time rather than remaining strictly constant. This work presents a preliminary phenomenological framework intended to motivate further investigation into black-hole thermodynamics, emergent gravity, and cosmological horizon physics. Keywords: dark energy, black holes, cosmology, emergent gravity, horizon thermodynamics, accelerating universe, ΛCDM alternatives.