EAS Maximum Depth from the Space–Time Structure of Cherenkov Light Based on TAIGA-HiSCORE Data

For the TAIGA-HiSCORE wide-angle Cherenkov array, a new simulation has been performed using the CORSIKA code without statistical thinning in the energy range of 1–100 PeV and taking into account pulse formation at the optical station input. Refined relationships are obtained between the steepness of the Cherenkov light lateral distribution function, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pulse at distances of 200–400 m, and the relative position of the maximum of extensive air showers (EASs). The application of the new simulated relationships to measuring the EAS maximum depth X₌₀ₗ is demonstrated based on data from three observation seasons (2021–2024) of the TAIGA-HiSCORE. The mass composition is estimated in terms of A at energies of 1–100 PeV.