Comparative Effects of Bone Cements on Induced Membrane Structure in the Masquelet Technique: A Porcine Model Study

A porcine model with a stabilized segmental femoral defect was used, in which commercial or experimental bone cements were implanted following the principles of the Masquelet technique. After 45 days, considered long enough for induced membrane maturation, the samples were analyzed by optical microscopy (H however, the membranes associated with the experimental cement exhibited qualitatively distinct patterns of stromal organization and cell distribution compared with those of the commercial cement group. SEM analysis revealed qualitative differences in the material–tissue interaction, with the experimental cement showing a distinct distribution pattern of amorphous and fibrillar material on the surface and within the interpearl spaces, whereas the commercial cement exhibited a more focal interaction, predominantly associated with structural irregularities. Overall, these observations indicate that differences in the formulation and microstructure of bone cements may influence how tissue organizes and interacts with the material and may be associated with qualitative differences in tissue organization and material–tissue interaction within the induced membrane. These results highlight the relevance of the spacer type in the histological characteristics of the induced membrane.