What question did this study set out to answer?

This work aims to address the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) and string theory by introducing a new model based on a standing layer.

May 28, 2026Open Access

The Standing Layer as a Solution to the Cosmological Crisis. Why ΛCDM and String Theory Fail, While 57 Hz and 49 Elements Work.

Key Points

This work aims to address the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) and string theory by introducing a new model based on a standing layer.
Analyzed cosmological anomalies including the Hubble tension and dark energy behaviors.
Developed a model based on the standing layer characterized by a resonant frequency and tetrahedral structures.
Compared the proposed model's predictions with existing data from Planck 2018, BAO, and upcoming surveys.
The model successfully explains the Hubble tension with values of 67.4 and 73.0 km/s/Mpc.
Predictions align with future observational data expected from DESI, Euclid, LSST, and CMB-S4.
Revealed dark matter and dark energy components of the tetrahedron, supporting a consistent cosmological framework.

Abstract

This work (Publication №21 of Resonance Group) analyzes the current crisis of the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) and proposes its resolution based on the resonant picture of space — a standing layer pulsating at 57. 142857 Hz, structured into 49 elements of the stellated tetrahedron. The Hubble tension (67. 4 vs 73. 0 km/s/Mpc), the weakening of dark energy (DESI 2025–2026), and the anomalies of large-scale structure are explained. Dark matter is the R‑component of the tetrahedron (ΩR = 0. 264). Dark energy is the P‑component (ΩP = 0. 691) with an equation of state wDE = -1 + (gPR²) / (3·gPS²) ≈ -0. 95. Inflation is exponential progression of the tetrahedron (60 e‑folds). Large‑scale structure is a 4D Voronoi‑Delaunay tessellation with tetrahedral packing (cell size ~120 Mpc). The Hubble tension arises from projection of the standing layer onto different cosmological epochs. The model is consistent with Planck 2018 and BAO data and makes testable predictions for DESI, Euclid, LSST, and CMB‑S4. A comparison with ΛCDM and string theory is provided.

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