According to the mainstream astrophysical theory, the core mechanism of a neutron star evolving into a black hole is that gravitational pressure exceeds neutron degeneracy pressure, crushes the neutron structure through mechanical compression, and finally collapses into a singularity. This paper proposes a subversive revised model: mass is the prerequisite for gravity; no mass means no gravity, which is a fundamental physical law. Neutron degeneracy pressure is extremely strong, and pure mechanical pressure can hardly overwhelm it. The real cause for a neutron star to transform into a black hole is not pressure overload, but extreme high temperature generated by gravitational compression. When the temperature exceeds the critical temperature for hadron dissociation of 1–2×10¹² K, the neutron structure collapses thermally and transforms into a high-energy photon soup. Photons have no rest mass, so pure photon soup cannot generate gravity. After local matter is photonized, the overall gravity of the star decreases accordingly. However, the remaining undissolved neutrons with mass attract each other and continuously confine the internal photon soup. Relying on the high-temperature chain dissolution reaction formed by the photon soup, the remaining matter is continuously disintegrated, and finally the entire star is completely transformed into a black hole. Supermassive black holes with a scale of up to 40 billion kilometers can form at the centers of spiral galaxies. The rotational force and inertial force generated by galaxy rotation dominate matter convergence, while gravity plays a relatively weak role. Together, they promote continuous transformation of matter into photon soup and the growth of black holes. This model solves the logically inconsistent loopholes of the traditional degeneracy pressure collapse theory and redefines the formation mechanism and physical nature of black holes.
Jiaqing Yan (Tue,) studied this question.