Industrial applications of borneol from Cinnamomum camphora and Blumea balsamifera: Cultivation, chiral quality control, green extraction, and high-value non-food applications

Key Points

• The aim is to establish an integrated framework for the cultivation and application of optically defined borneol.
• Proposed a source-to-application framework for borneol production from C. camphora and B. balsamifera.
• Integrated chiral quality control and green extraction methods into a value-chain strategy.
• Highlighted the importance of chemotype-guided cultivation and low-carbon processing for future applications.
• Identified C. camphora and B. balsamifera as complementary sources of (+)- and (−)-borneol.
• Emphasized high-purity borneol as a functional molecule for pharmaceutical, material, and agricultural uses.
• Future industrial upgrades depend on improved cultivation and processing methods.