Due to drought stress caused by climate change, a growing global population, and limited land resources, interest in sustainable agriculture is growing. In this study, we evaluate the impact of commercial plant-based probiotics, several beneficial microorganisms, and calcium salts on the growth and yield of winter wheat and winter rapeseed under limited water resources. The study was conducted in field conditions in two countries simultaneously with different climatic conditions: Spain and Lithuania. Soil was supplemented with calcium in two forms: CaCO3 and CaCl2. Seeds were treated with microorganisms before sowing, and plants were sprayed with them in the spring. The plants inoculated with beneficial microorganisms showed improvement in yield, with harvest index increasing by 5–10% in treated plants. Grain yield was enhanced across treatments, with ProbioHumus + CaCO3 showing the highest yield in Lithuania. Additionally, treated plants exhibited significantly lower stress indicators, with Bacillus subtilis + CaCl2 decreasing lipid peroxidation by 27%. This study provides further evidence that plant treatment with beneficial microorganisms and calcium can contribute to a more environmentally sustainable agriculture.
Zareyan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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