Open Science: Access, Control, Responsibility

This masterclass introduces open science as a broader epistemic, institutional, and political transformation of research rather than as a set of technical procedures. Starting from the question of who controls scientific knowledge, it examines why open science has become central to contemporary research policy and practice, and what problems it seeks to address. It discusses key dimensions of openness, including access to publications, data sharing, reproducibility, transparency, collaboration, and public engagement, while also highlighting the tensions that emerge when openness is treated as an unquestioned good. The masterclass argues that open science is not simply about making everything available, but about asking what should be shared, how, with whom, and under what conditions. Particular attention is given to equity, diversity, inclusion, epistemic justice, and the relationship between open science and artificial intelligence. Drawing on debates in the philosophy of open science, it suggests that openness should be understood not as an end in itself, but as a situated and selective practice aimed at producing more reliable, accountable, and inclusive forms of knowledge.