With the increasing use of converter‐based resources, it has become more crucial to comprehend the dynamic interaction between grid‐forming (GFM) control strategies and power system transients under different grid strengths. The transient performance of droop‐controlled and virtual synchronous machine (VSM)–based GFM converters exposed to significant frequency and phase‐step disturbances under various grid strength is examined in this work. A parameterized grid model defined by the short‐circuit ratio (SCR) and impedance ratio ( X / R ) is combined with comprehensive converter dynamics, inner control loop, and primary control techniques to create a unified modeling framework in MATLAB/Simulink. In weak, moderately weak, and strong grid scenarios, X / R is changed from 0.1 to 10 to simulate resistive, balanced, inductive, and highly inductive networks. A 2 Hz step change in grid frequency and a 60° phase jump in grid voltage phase are the main disturbances taken into consideration. Key performance metrics, such as maximum frequency deviation and frequency settling time, are used in the comparative evaluation. According to simulation results, VSM control successfully limits frequency excursions and improves settling behavior, which greatly improves transient frequency stability in weak and moderately weak grids under large frequency disturbances. On the other hand, in weak and moderately weak grids, droop control shows faster phase resynchronization after the phase step disturbance, whereas VSM control maintains steady but more oscillatory responses. Both control techniques show reduced transient performance under strong grid conditions. Overall, the findings demonstrate the crucial dependency of GFM transient behavior on grid strength, impedance characteristics, and control method choice.
Salem et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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