What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to investigate the relationship between climate change and water quality changes in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020.

May 29, 2026Open Access

Study on Climate Change and Water Quality Response in Yellow River Basin of Inner Mongolia

Key Points

The aim is to investigate the relationship between climate change and water quality changes in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020.
Employed the Water Quality Index (WQI) method based on six parameters.
Assessed water quality over a period from 2010 to 2020.
Used linear mixed-effects model to analyze relationships between parameters.
Temperature and runoff increased from 2010 to 2020; COD and BOD 5 decreased since 2013.
WQI significantly improved since 2015; significant spatial differences in water quality parameters noted (p < 0.05).
Highest concentrations recorded were COD Mn (3.47 mg/L) and NH 3 -N (0.33 mg/L) in 2011.

Abstract

Abstract To investigate changes in water quality in the Inner Mongolia of Yellow River Basin (IM-YRB) and to elucidate the relationship between climate and water quality, this study employed the Water Quality Index (WQI) method, based on six water quality parameters, to conduct a comprehensive assessment of water quality from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that: 1) Temperature, precipitation and runoff in the IM-YRB showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. Significant negative relationship was detected between temperature and chemical oxygen demand (COD), runoff and NH 3 -N. Runoff exhibited a strong positive correlation with fluoride (F − ) ( p < 0.05). 2) The variation of water quality parameters exhibited a decreased trend from 2010 to 2020. The highest concentration of Permanganate index (COD Mn ) and NH 3 -N respectively was 3.47 and 0.33 mg/L in 2011. The concentration of COD (14.89 mg/L) and Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) (3.21 mg/L) exhibited a decreasing trend since 2013. TP showed a decreasing trend since 2012, with a minimum of 0.06 mg/L in 2018. The mean concentration of F − was 0.44 mg/L with a decreasing trend from 2011 and a minimum of 0.32 mg/L in 2019. WQI was significantly improved since 2015. The linear mixed-effects model indicates that NH 3 -N, COD Mn , and total phosphorus (TP) were the primary parameters influencing the WQI from 2010 to 2015. NH 3 -N, COD Mn , and COD were the primary parameters influencing the WQI from 2015 to 2020. 3) Significant spatial differences in water quality parameters ( p < 0.05). The water quality of the Meidaigou river, Wulanmulin river, and Hun river station remained good state. Kundulun river, Xi river, Xiaohei river and Dong river remained poor state.This study provides a basis for understanding changes in water quality in the Inner Mongolia region of the Yellow River Basin and offers guidance for water pollution prevention and control efforts in the basin.

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