In-situ radiometric assessment of Ruru region in Gulmi, Nepal

In this study, we investigated the distribution of natural radiation and dose rates in the Ruru and Satyawati 1 regions of Gulmi district along the Kaligandaki River in Nepal, known for its abundance of Shaligram (fossil stones). The assessment of radioactivity levels in this region is crucial for evaluating potential radiological hazards to human health. Utilising the portable gamma-ray spectrometer PGIS-2 with a NaI(Tl) detector, we calculated various radiological hazard parameters associated with radionuclides, including radium equivalent activity, absorbed gamma dose rates in air, annual effective dose rate, external hazard index, and internal hazard index. The comparison was made among three wards: Ruru 1, Ruru 2, and Satyawati 1. The average absorbed dose rates in air for Ruru 1, Ruru 2, and Satyawati were 103.9, 104.2, and 118.2 nGy h −1 , respectively, all surpassing the world average value of 59 nGy h −1 . External hazard index values for Ruru 1, Ruru 2, and Satyawati were 0.60, 0.59, and 0.68, respectively, within the world-recommended safety limit. Importantly, no significant health issues were identified in the studied region, emphasising the importance of ongoing monitoring and assessment of natural radiation levels for ensuring community well-being.