What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to investigate the voltage generated from the friction between various engineering materials and assess their electrical charging behavior.

May 30, 2026Open Access

Triboelectrification of Engineering Materials

AAA. AlahmadiTaif University

Key Points

The study aims to investigate the voltage generated from the friction between various engineering materials and assess their electrical charging behavior.
Analyzed voltage generation from dry sliding of aluminium oxide, copper, aluminium, iron, silicon oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, HDPE, LDPE against synthetic rubber and other polymers.
Measured changes in voltage with varying loading conditions to observe effects of heat on charge generation.
Examined the relationship between material positioning in the triboelectric series and generated voltage.
Voltage generated from aluminium oxide, copper, aluminium, iron, and silicon oxide against rubber was the lowest, while PTFE generated the highest voltage.
Increased load led to decreased voltage due to heating, which affected charge relaxation on friction surfaces.
The maximum voltage level was heavily dependent on the materials' positions in the triboelectric series.

Abstract

ABSTRACTElectric static charges generated from friction of engineering materials have a negative effect in technological applications. The increased use of polymeric materials raised the importance of studying that effect. The present study investigates the voltage generated from the dry sliding of aluminium oxide (Al2 O3), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), silicon oxide (Si O2), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) against synthetic rubber, HDPE, polypropylene (PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It was found that voltage generated from the sliding of aluminium oxide, copper, aluminium, iron and silicon oxide against rubber generated the lowest voltage, while PTFE showed the highest one. Generally, voltage decreased with increasing load due to heating process which increased the temperature of the friction surfaces and consequently the relaxation of the electric charge proceeded. Besides, it was observed that the maximum level of the voltage generated from the materials is dependent on their position in the triboelectric series relative to the counterface. The triboelectric series can be used to determine the charge polarity of the materials. This series can be used to evaluate the relative charging capacity of many polymeric materials.

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