This study presents the eco-friendly fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilising aqueous extracts from Kalanchoe pinnata and Eclipta prostrata as natural reducing agents. The biologically synthesized nanoparticles were characterised using XRD, UV-Vis, SEM, and FTIR. FTIR spectroscopy validated the presence of various functional chemical groups within the nanostructures. Microscopic analysis revealed the successful formation of spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 40–50 nm. The antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal effects against multiple pathogenic strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli . Growth kinetics investigations conducted in the presence of the nanoparticles revealed bacteriostatic mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs. The demonstrated antibacterial effectiveness suggests potential commercial applications across diverse sectors, including cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and food processing industries.
Sankar et al. (Mon,) studied this question.