ABSTRACT The nature of electoral politics in India has undergone significant transformation since independence, reflecting shifts in socio-economic structures, technological advancements, regional aspirations, and democratic participation. This study examines the evolution of India’s electoral landscape from the dominance of the Congress system and agrarian reforms to the era of coalition politics, economic liberalization, and digital campaigning. The paper highlights how caste, religion, class, youth aspirations, and regional identities continue to shape voting behavior and political mobilization. It also explores the growing influence of social media, data-driven political communication, and misinformation in redefining electoral engagement within the contemporary public sphere. Furthermore, the study analyzes the role of institutions such as the Election Commission of India, campaign finance mechanisms, coalition governance, and media narratives in sustaining democratic processes. The paper argues that while Indian democracy has demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability, challenges relating to inclusivity, transparency, accountability, political corruption, and equitable representation remain central concerns. By examining historical developments alongside contemporary electoral trends, the study provides insights into the changing dynamics of democratic participation and the future trajectory of Indian electoral politics.
Vishnukant A. Baswade (Sat,) studied this question.