Hydrogen has emerged as a promising energy carrier due to its high energy density and environmentally friendly nature, particularly when produced from renewable resources. Hydrogen is a promising choice for decarbonizing a number of industries, including transportation, power generation, and industrial operations, as it produce water as the primary byproduct, unlike conventional fuels. Hydrogen can be produced using a variety of conventional and alternative energy sources, such as coal, natural gas, biomass, water, and waste materials. The outcomes of conventional and renewable technology are discussed. The two processes that have the best chance of becoming significantly profitable in the near future are gasification and thermochemical pyrolysis. Although biological methods seem promising, further research is required to increase their rates of production. Low conversion efficiency and high investment costs are the main barriers of water-splitting technologies preventing them from competing with traditional techniques. This paper also provides a comprehensive evaluation of the latest advancements in hydrogen monitoring, analysis, and quantification techniques, with a focus on hydrogen-containing gas mixtures.
Ahmad et al. (Mon,) studied this question.