Higher serum n-3 PUFA content was associated with a lower risk of renal replacement therapy, stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.40-0.99; p=0.044).
Cohort (n=77)
Does higher serum n-3 PUFA content reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and renal replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Higher serum n-3 PUFA levels measured a decade earlier are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, death, and renal replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Hazard Ratio: 0.63 (95% CI 0.4–0.99)
p-value: p=0.044
Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit reduced serum levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Alterations in fatty acid profiles may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk and potentially accelerate CKD progression. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess whether fatty acid profiles measured a decade earlier predicted CKD progression and cardiovascular events. Additionally, the impact of dietary patterns at baseline was evaluated. Methods: The study comprised 77 patients with CKD whose serum fatty acid profiles had been assessed approximately a decade earlier. Follow-up data on CKD progression, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality were collected. Dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The composite endpoint was defined as renal replacement therapy initiation or occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. Results: Higher n-3 PUFA content was significantly associated with a lower risk of the composite endpoint in Cox regression analysis (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.99; p = 0.044). Significant differences in event-free survival were observed in patients with higher n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios (log-rank test, χ2 = 4.58, p = 0.032). Patients who experienced stroke or myocardial infarction had significantly higher levels of n-6 PUFA (32.85% vs. 29.94% Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.037) and lower n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios (0.07 vs. 0.08, Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.045). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was significantly lower at baseline in patients who required renal replacement therapy during follow-up compared with those who did not experience this outcome (0.66% 0.48–0.82 vs. 0.88% 0.64–1.13, Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Lower serum n-3 PUFA levels were observed in patients who reached the composite endpoint during follow-up. A higher n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio showed a protective effect in survival analysis, and higher EPA content was associated with a lower risk of renal replacement therapy initiation. A more favorable fatty acid profile may be linked to improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of fatty acid profiles in long-term outcomes among patients with CKD, in whom cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death.
Sikorska-Wiśniewska et al. (Sat,) conducted a cohort in Chronic kidney disease (n=77). Higher serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content vs. Lower serum n-3 PUFA content was evaluated on Composite of renal replacement therapy initiation or occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40-0.99, p=0.044). Higher serum n-3 PUFA content was associated with a lower risk of renal replacement therapy, stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.40-0.99; p=0.044).