Background : The expansion of extensive construction without the necessary planning and lack of attention to infrastructure has created numerous problems for citizens in District22 of Tehran. This district has extensive horizontal urban sprawl and does not comply with the principles of smart growth, including compaction and high population density. Objective : Explaining the physical development pattern in district 22, understanding its dispersion, and the status of smart growth principles in the physical planning sector. Research Method : In the first part, the physical development and sprawl growth of district22 are examined in the period 2011 to 2021. For this purpose, four models "Gini coefficient, Shannon entropy, Holdren, Moran and VHG index" are used. In the second part of the research, for the smart growth approach, the physical planning criterion is analyzed based on inferential statistics and one-sample t-test. Results: The area entropy value in 2011 was 0.94.The closeness of this entropy value to one indicates sprawl in district 22. The population entropy value indicates its greater concentration despite being close to maximum sprawl.Population distribution using the Gini coefficient shows that the population distribution is balanced in the areas of district.Moran's coefficient indicates a cluster accumulation pattern.The Holdren model shows a high impact of horizontal growth for some areas and a high impact of population growth in others. According to the VHG index,vertical expansion is very high.According to the one-sample t-test for the two indices,the average of all areas is lower than the average value and they are not at a desirable level. Conclusion :The dispersion in district22 is not unipolar.Also, widespread migration to the district,housing and land policies in recent decades,ambiguities in urban regulations and laws,and numerous changes in the urban management system are among the main factors in the sprawl of district 22.
Moghaddam et al. (Sat,) studied this question.