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June 5, 2026

Maternal factors influencing mother-to-child transmission of HIV among HIV exposed infants in Machakos level 5 Hospital in Machakos County, Kenya

Key Points

The aim is to identify maternal factors influencing mother-to-child transmission of HIV among exposed infants.
Quantitative study measuring rates and factors associated with MTCT of HIV.
Qualitative analysis of themes regarding stigma and adherence to PMTCT interventions.
MTCT rate of 2.5% indicates progress toward elimination targets.
High income and lack of access to ARV are associated with increased MTCT risk.
Inadequate knowledge and stigma related to HIV compromise PMTCT adherence.

Abstract

-value < 0.05, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. The rate of MTCT of 2.5% suggests progress toward the elimination targets. The quantitative study identified high income, lack of maternal access to ARV, mixed infant feeding, inadequate maternal knowledge on MTCT of HIV and its prevention, and reported stigma related to HIV as factors associated with MTCT of HIV. Qualitative data further explained how HIV related stigma, fear of disclosure, and work-related caregiving challenges compromised adherence to PMTCT interventions, thus increasing the risk of transmission. Despite progress in reducing MTCT of HIV, social and structural challenges require expansion of community health education and adoption and implementation of breastfeeding-friendly workplace policies to promote adherence to PMTCT guidelines.

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