ABSTRACT Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects present complex clinical challenges, often requiring advanced reconstructive techniques. Stem-cell-based tissue engineering, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising alternative for OMF rehabilitation, offering the potential for tissue regeneration and modulation of healing responses. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2024. Studies included focused on the application of stem cells, scaffolds, and biomaterials in the regeneration of OMF tissues. Eligibility criteria included clinical trials, observational studies, reviews, and case series involving human, animal, or in vitro models related to OMF defects. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a range of methodologies and stem cell types, such as dental MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (ADMSCs), and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Key findings indicate that MSCs, when combined with advanced biomaterials and scaffold technologies, significantly enhance tissue regeneration and functional restoration in OMF reconstruction. However, challenges such as achieving vascularization and long-term viability of engineered tissues, as well as standardization of treatment protocols, remain significant barriers to clinical translation. Stem-cell-based therapies exhibit substantial potential for improving outcomes in OMF reconstruction. Despite promising advancements, further research is necessary to overcome limitations related to tissue integration, clinical translation, and ethical considerations. Optimizing these therapies is crucial for their effective and safe implementation in clinical settings.
Pradhan et al. (Fri,) studied this question.