Abstract Literature demonstrates that females are understudied across animal taxa. Ornithologists find that methods developed for studying primarily males sometimes need to be modified to better account for how the sexes differ behaviorally, physiologically, and morphologically. Here we compile advice from a range of ornithologists on field research practices to consider when studying females to make this methodological knowledge communally available. We review practical strategies for field research on females across several research activities and subfields of ornithology, and we invite all researchers to contribute additional suggestions via an online resource hosted by the American Ornithological Society. While methodological approaches for studying females may be well known by experts in one subfield (i.e. an expert in bioacoustics), they may be unfamiliar to experts in other subfields. Therefore, we address multiple aspects of field research, offer general principles for studying females, and highlight resources that offer advice for studying females in other subdisciplines of ornithology. We hope that the considerations presented here will facilitate cross-disciplinary endeavors in avian research, make future research on female birds more efficient and precise, and provide a resource that can be adapted for studying females of all taxa.
Barros et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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