Parametric Modular Aggregation for Mixed Reality Cultural Experiences: A Prototype-Based Framework for Adaptive Deployment

As cultural heritage representation increasingly shifts toward immersive and spatial experiences, mixed reality (MR) has emerged as an embodied medium for combining real settings with virtual content. However, numerous existing cultural scenarios remain site-specific and difficult to reconfigure or transfer across contexts. To address this limitation, this study proposes a prototype-based framework. Using traditional Chinese opera as a case study, the generative approach translates the representative graphics into parametric geometries and embeds them in two modular systems: block and panel. Through MR overlay, the modules were fabricated as physical prototypes and integrated with interactive cultural elements. To evaluate the framework, deployment and user testing were conducted in Portugal and Italy. The experimental results show that the framework supports rapid assembly, flexible spatial transformation, and digital access while retaining the prototype structure. Participants’ feedback indicates positive usability, favorable experiential responses, and increased interest associated with opera engagement. Overall, the study demonstrates the adaptive potential of parametric modular aggregation for facilitating deployable MR experiences, contributing a methodological reference for cultural communication.