Circular economy (CE) has gained prominence as a framework for rethinking production and consumption amid growing environmental and resource pressures. However, existing CE literature remains fragmented and largely shaped by developed-country perspectives, offering limited insight into how CE practices unfold in developing-country contexts. Using Indonesia as a case and based on a systematic literature review of 101 peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus, this paper identifies CE practice typologies and the drivers, enablers, and barriers associated with them. Beyond mapping these typologies, the analysis adopts a configurational perspective to examine how drivers, enablers, and barriers shape the emergence, stabilization, and constraint of CE practices. The findings show that CE practices in Indonesia are concentrated at the micro and meso levels, mainly in the utilities and consumer goods sectors, and oriented toward closing resource loops through the resource recovery business model archetype. CE engagement is primarily motivated by endogenous and hybrid drivers rather than exogenous drivers. CE practices are stabilized mainly through organizational embedment, learning capability, context-appropriate technological support, and financial viability, while the institutional environment plays a more limited enabling role. Barriers constrain CE practices in distinct ways: socially embedded linearity, structurally constrained markets, and fragmented infrastructure limit emergence and diversification, while institutionally misaligned governance operates mainly as a selective downstream constraint on formalization and scaling. These findings imply that CE transitions in developing-country contexts require context-sensitive policies and intervention strategies aligned with existing practice configurations, rather than a linear progression toward predefined circular business models.
Susamto et al. (Fri,) studied this question.