This paper analyzes secondary literature to identify and evaluate organizational, social, and institutional factors that influence employee retention in higher education institutions (HEIs). Through a systematic review of recent and highly cited studies (2018–2025) and available secondary datasets, the study categorizes retention drivers, compares their impact on teaching and non-teaching staff, and presents an aggregated data analysis estimating their relative effects. Findings indicate that career advancement opportunities, compensation, work–life balance, recognition, and institutional practices consistently emerge as the strongest predictors of retention. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for HEI administrators and suggestions for future research.
Sumi Chandran (Wed,) studied this question.