Toxospathius auriventris Bates and Maladera orientalis Motschulsky, are soil-dwelling insects that are mainly distributed in Xizang, China, and considered to be agricultural pests. This study sequenced and characterized the mitogenomes of T. auriventris and M. orientalis, which were 16,837 bp and 16,972 bp in-length. Both mitogenomes exhibited highly conserved gene order of Scarabaeidae. Most protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiated with typical ATN start codon. The incomplete stop codon T was used in COX1, COX2 (only in T. auriventris) and COX3 genes, whereas typical stop codon TAN was used in other PCGs. The Ka/Ks ratios for each PCG among 18 species from subfamily Melolonthinae were less than 1 (0.078 to 0.69). The genetic distances of PCGs indicated ATP8 (0.47) evolved relatively fast, while COX1 (0.23) and ND4L (0.24) were more conserved. The nucleotide diversity analysis (Pi values) across the 13 PCGs in subfamily Melolonthinae indicated that ND2 gene exhibited the greatest variability. While, COX1 and ND5 presented lower diversity. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed via maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods suggested that the subfamily Melolonthinae is non-monophyletic, in contrast to the monophyletic Cetoniinae, Rutelinae, and Dynastinae. T. auriventris and M. orientalis were clustered in different clades within the subfamily Melolonthinae.
LIU et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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