Starch as a sustainable alternative for bioplastic packaging: A review

The escalating environmental concerns associated with traditional plastic packaging materials have prompted a paradigm shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Starch, a naturally abundant and renewable polysaccharide, has emerged as a promising raw material source for the development of biodegradable plastic packaging films. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of starch-based bioplastics, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles and reviews was conducted in the period of 2022–2024 using Google scholar. We examined the latest research on starch-based bioplastics focusing on the starch structure, extraction, modification, and processing, as well as applications, challenges, and future directions. The data were systematically gathered, evaluated, and organized into logical sections. We also discussed the processing methods employed to fabricate starch-based films, including casting, extrusion, and blown film extrusion. We explored the structural and functional properties of starch, its modification techniques, and its blending with other biopolymers to enhance performance. Furthermore, we examined the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of starchbased films, as well as their biodegradability and compostability. The challenges and limitations associated with starch-based packaging films include moisture sensitivity and poor mechanical properties. Finally, starch-based packaging films have potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. By providing a comprehensive analysis of starch-based bioplastics, this review stimulates further research and development in this field, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly packaging industry.