Introduction and Objective: Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have demonstrated substantial cardiometabolic benefits in controlled trials; however, the real-world treatment persistence and associated cardiometabolic outcomes during and after AOM use remain unclear. This study aims to characterize changes in cardiometabolic risk factors during and after the use of AOM in routine clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records from a tertiary care institution in the Midwestern United States. Adults aged ≥18 years with BMI ≥27 kg/m² who initiated an incretin mimetic AOM between January 2020 and August 2025 were included. The index date was defined as the first AOM dispensing. Monthly unadjusted crude means of BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were summarized for up to six months during AOM use and up to six months after discontinuation, defined by the last AOM supply date. Results: The analysis included 1,642 individuals with a mean (SD) age of 45.3 (11.6) years, a baseline BMI of 40.2 (8.0) kg/m², and 81.8% female. The baseline SBP and DBP were 129.1 (16.3) mmHg and 81.0 (9.7) mmHg, respectively. During AOM supply, mean BMI declined from 40.0 (8.0) kg/m2 at month 1 to 36.6 (7.8) kg/m2 at month 6. The SBP and DBP dropped to 125.7 (15.0) mmHg and 79.5 (9.1) mmHg by month 6, respectively. At discontinuation, BMI, SBP, and DBP were 38.7 (8.1) kg/m², 125.7 (15.7) mmHg, and 79.9 (8.9) mmHg, respectively. BMI initially declined to 37.1 (8.2) kg/m² for the first 4 months after the discontinuation, followed by a slight increase to 37.3 (8.5) kg/m² at Month 6. SBP and DBP remained stable after the discontinuation. Conclusion: The use of AOM in the real world was associated with favorable short-term reductions in weight and blood pressure. While benefits persisted after discontinuation in the analysis of single-site healthcare records, further analyses are needed to assess inter-individual variability and to clarify long-term cardiometabolic risk trajectories in the post-AOM period. Disclosure M. Alnuman: None. L. Khoja: Other - postdoctoral fellow; Current; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. J.Y. Osei: None. D. Touchette: Advisory Panel; Current; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. B. Layden: None. K. Kim: Other - Research Fellowship; Current; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
Alnuman et al. (Fri,) studied this question.