What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the consistency of A1c improvement from continuous glucose monitoring across various type 2 diabetes characteristics.

June 8, 2026

1174-OR: Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Managed with Basal Insulin plus SGLT2 Inhibitor and/or GLP-1 Agonist: Subgroup Analysis from the FreeDM2 Trial

Key Points

To evaluate the consistency of A1c improvement from continuous glucose monitoring across various type 2 diabetes characteristics.
Randomized controlled trial (NCT05944432) with 303 participants.
Evaluated changes in A1c at 16 weeks across multiple subgroups (age, sex, BMI, baseline A1c, time in range).
Used linear mixed model to analyze treatment-subgroup interactions.
A1c decreased from baseline 8.8% to 8.0% in the CGM group; control group A1c changed from 8.8% to 8.7% (adjusted difference -0.6%; 95% CI −0.8, -0.3; p<0.001).
Participants with baseline A1c >9% showed a greater reduction (1.1%) compared to those with A1c ≤9% (0.4%; p=0.0020).
Improvement in A1c occurred consistently across various demographic factors with no significant interactions noted.

Abstract

Introduction and Objective: The FreeDM2 randomized controlled trial (NCT05944432) demonstrated that real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with FreeStyle Libre 3 led to a significant improvement in A1c at 16 weeks, compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This analysis assessed whether benefits are consistent across type 2 diabetes (T2DM) characteristics. Methods: The primary outcome, mean change from baseline in A1c at 16 weeks, was evaluated by age (60 vs ≥60 years), sex, BMI (30 vs ≥30 kg/m2), baseline A1c (≤9% vs 9% and ≤8% vs 8%), baseline time in range (TIR) (≤70% vs 70%) and the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) by including treatment-subgroup interaction in the linear mixed model. Results: In total, 303 participants were randomized (mean±SD age 60.7±9.8 years, BMI 31.1±5.6 kg/m2, 67.3% male). Baseline A1c levels were 8.8±1.0% and 8.8±1.1% in the CGM and control groups, respectively, decreasing to 8.0±0.9% and 8.7±1.1% at 16 weeks (adjusted difference -0.6%; 95% CI −0.8, -0.3; p0.001). Improvements occurred regardless of age, sex, BMI and baseline A1c ≤9% vs 9% (Figure). No trends were observed across IMD deciles. Those with baseline A1c 9% had a greater reduction in A1c than those with A1c ≤9% (1.1% vs 0.4% respectively, p=0.0020). There were no other statistically significant interactions. Conclusion: These results support the efficacy of CGM across a broad range of T2DM characteristics. Disclosure L. Leelarathna: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Ended; Insulet Corporation. Advisory Panel; Ended; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. P.J. Moore: None. T. Sathyapalan: Research Support; Current; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Current; Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. P. Choudhary: Advisory Panel; Current; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Medtronic. Research Support; Current; Medtronic. Consultant; Current; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott. Research Support; Current; Abbott. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Research Support; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Consultant; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Insulet Corporation. Advisory Panel; Current; Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Current; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Current; Insulet Corporation. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Sanofi. Consultant; Current; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Lilly. Advisory Panel; Current; Lilly. Consultant; Current; Lilly. Advisory Panel; Current; Ypsomed AG. Advisory Panel; Ended; Embecta. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Research Support; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Consultant; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Advisory Panel; Current; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. Consultant; Current; Glooko, Inc., Cambridge Mechatronics Ltd, vTv Therapeutics. J. Lim: None. S. Neupane: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Abbott Diabetes. Other - Paid to the employing National Health Service (NHS) Hospital Trust to run the research study.; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Other - Travel support to attend meeting; Ended; Novo Nordisk. A. Iqbal: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Current; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Sanofi, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly and Company. M. Evans: Other - Triallist, speaker, advisory board; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Other - Research support, speaker, advisory board; Current; Novo Nordisk A/S. Other - Triallist, advisory board, speaker; Current; Sanofi. Other - Triallist, speakers fees; Current; Eli Lilly and Company. Other - Triallist, advisory board; Current; Medtronic. Other - Advisory board; Current; Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Current; Zucara Therapeutics, vTv Therapeutics. Other - Advisory panel, triallist; Current; Pila Pharma. G. Rayman: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Price: Other - Speaker fees; Ended; AstraZeneca. Other - Speaker fees; Current; Lilly, Novo Nordisk. R. Ajjan: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Advisory Panel; Ended; Dexcom, Inc. Advisory Panel; Current; Eli Lilly and Company, Insulet Corporation. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. Y.S. Cheah: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Sanofi. A.N. Lumb: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Research Support; Ended; Novo Nordisk A/S. Advisory Panel; Ended; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Menarini Group, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Advisory Panel; Ended; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Advisory Panel; Current; Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care. S. Mostafa: None. I. Malik: None. I.C. Cranston: Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Ended; Glooko, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. T. Min: None. E.B. Jude: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Sanofi. Research Support; Ended; Abbott Diabetes. D. Sennik: Speaker's Bureau; Ended; AstraZeneca. J. McLaren: None. K. Barnard-Kelly: Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. R.A. Elliott: None. T. Yates: None. E. Wilmot: Advisory Panel; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Current; Insulet Corporation. Consultant; Current; Roche Diabetes Care. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Sanofi, Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Ended; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Ended; Ypsomed AG. Advisory Panel; Ended; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Research Support; Current; Abbott Diabetes. Speaker's Bureau; Current; Insulet Corporation. Research Support; Current; Insulet Corporation. Advisory Panel; Ended; Sanofi. Research Support; Current; Novo Nordisk. Consultant; Ended; Embecta. Research Support; Ended; Embecta. Advisory Panel; Ended; Sinocare. Funding The study was sponsored by Abbott Diabetes Care.

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