GC–MS-Based Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity in Medicinal Plant Essential Oils

ABSTRACT All around the world, plant-based medicine has been used to treat illnesses at a reason able cost; medicinal plants are the main source of pharmaceuticals and thehealthcare system. Caesalpinia bonducella seeds have long been used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses and ailments, such as leprosy, fever,edema, colic, malaria, and stomach ache. Several ethnic groups have long utilized the kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) to cure a wide range of illnesses anddisorders; however, in order to generate medications from this tree, these traditional applications must be examined and verified by science researchers. Commonlyreferred to as "Sweta Arka," Calotropis gigantea (family Asclepiadaceae) is a highly therapeutic wild plant species found in the Indian Himalayan area that isresistant to drought and has a comparatively high degree of salt tolerance. The dried milky latex found in the stem of plants is used as a remedy for snake venom.On the other hand, the dried leaves of the Calotropis plant are used to treat rheumatic pain and paralysis as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory. The ulmaceaefamily's Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) is a beneficial medicinal plant with a variety of traditional medical applications linked to its possible phytochemical contentsand antioxidant activity. The leaves, bark, and seeds of this plant are used by people to treat a variety of illnesses. A economically significant medicinal crop,Emidesmus indicus attracts interest from the food and flavoring industries as well as pharmaceutical companies. With regard to the morphologically different H.indicus plants, the present study aims to uncover the potentialities. Using extracts from the broad-leafed H. indicus fruits, GC-MS analysis identified differentchemicals.