Systematic Review of The Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Interventions in Reducing Maternal Mortality in Rural Areas of Lagos and Ogun States, Southwest Nigeria

Abstract Maternal mortality remains one of the most pressing public health challenges in Nigeria, particularly in rural and underserved communities. Despite national and global initiatives, Nigeria continues to report alarmingly high maternal mortality ratios, with rural areas of Lagos and Ogun States facing severe disparities due to poor infrastructure, socio-cultural barriers, financial constraints, and a shortage of skilled health professionals. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of community-based health interventions in reducing maternal mortality in these rural settings. Using a structured literature review approach, relevant peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and institutional documents from 2013–2023 were analyzed across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Findings indicate that interventions leveraging community health workers, traditional birth attendants, mobile health clinics, health education campaigns, and community-based financing schemes have significantly improved maternal health outcomes. These  strategies enhanced antenatal care attendance, increased skilled birth deliveries, facilitated timely referrals, and promoted safe delivery practices. However, persistent challenges such as inconsistent funding, weak integration with formal healthcare systems, socio-cultural resistance, and inadequate infrastructure continue to hinder sustainability and scalability. The review highlights the importance of culturally sensitive health education, government investment, and stronger policy integration to strengthen community-based interventions. Lessons from global best practices suggest that sustained funding, effective referral systems, and workforce capacity building are critical to achieving reductions in maternal mortality. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and development partners seeking evidence-based strategies to improve maternal health outcomes in rural Nigeria.