This study explores nanocarrier based and smart delivery strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), focusing on overcoming the challenges posed by the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), poor drug bioavailability, and limited therapeutic specificity. The aim was to highlight the potential of stimuli responsive and immune integrated nanocarriers to enable disease modifying outcomes rather than symptomatic relief. An extensive literature review was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies involving polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, exosomes, ligand-modified carriers, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems were analyzed to assess their mechanisms, physicochemical characteristics, and therapeutic performance in PD models. Nanocarriers demonstrated enhanced BBB permeability, sustained and targeted drug release, and significant neuroprotective effects by addressing oxidative stress, α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Stimuli-responsive systems such as ROS, pH and enzyme-sensitive carriers showed improved site-specific delivery, while hybrid and ligand-functionalized nanocarriers achieved synergistic therapeutic and immunomodulatory benefits. Smart nanocarrier platforms offer a transformative approach for PD management, providing precise, controlled, and multi-target delivery of therapeutic agents. Future developments integrating responsive carriers with immunotherapeutics and gene modulation could enable clinically viable, disease-modifying nanomedicines for Parkinson’s disease.
Guduru et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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